TARIHIN ALKAWARIZM

TARIHIN MASANI IMAM MUHAMMAD ALKAWARIZM

Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo

Daga sahun masana da wannan duniyar ta amfana dasu, waɗanda har karsheɓlnta kuma ba za'a iya mancewa da gudunmuwarsu a fagen ilimi ba, akwai Imam Muhammad alkhwarizm.
Cikakken sunansa shine Abu Abdullahi, Muhammad Bn Musa Alkhawarizm AlMajusiyy Al Quɗrubbuliy.
Shi haifaffen tsohuwar daular farisa ne, domin kuwa an haife shine a garin Khiva wanda a yanzu yake cikin kasar Uzbekistan, a shekara ta 780 miladiyyah.
Muhammad Alkawarizm cikakken masani ne a fannin Islama. Yayi karatun sa na addini, daga nan sai ya tsunduma binciken iliman lissalafi, falasifa dana kimiyya. Haka kuma ya shafe tsawon rayuwarsa yana koyarwa a cibiyar ilimin nan data shahara aduk duniya dake birnin Bagadaza, watau Darul Hikmah.
Da yake bayyana kaɗan daga tarihin Alkawarizm, Ibn Naɗim a littafinsa Kitab Al-Fihrist, cewa yayi "Alkawarizm yayi mafi yawan ayyukan sane na ilimi a wuraren shekara ta 813-831, a sa'ar da musulunci ya mamaye daular Farisa, Bagadaza kuma ta zamo cibiyar ilimi wadda har daga birnin Sin ana zuwa gareta neman sani".
Marubucin tarihi Rosen ya faɗa cewar " Al khawarizm ya rayu ne a zamanin Halifancin Al Mamun, kuma shine wanda ya soma warware badak'alar lissafin Algebra a larabce."
Imam Ibn Khaldun ya faɗa a littafinsa shahararee mai suna Muqaddimah cewar "wanda ya fara rubutu akan lissafin Aljabra shine Abu Abdullahi Alkhawarizm, daga baya ne Kamil Shoja ibn Aslam yazo."
Da yake anfi sanin rayuwar ilimi da rubututyukan Imam Muhmmad Alkhawarizm sama da inihin rayuwarsa, amma tarihi ya nuna cewa lokacin da Halifa Harun AlRashid ya zamo khalifa a Farisa a ranar 14 ga watan satumbar shekara ta 786, Alkhawarizm yana yaro kankane ne.
Ance Halifa Harun AlRashid yana da 'ya'yaye guda biyu. Babbansu shine Al'amin, sai kaninsa mai suna Al'Mamun. Da hawan mulkinsa sai ya fara kokarin cika daular musulunci da ilimi, inda ya rinka gayyato masana suna zuwa bagadaza suna koyar da ilimi, sannan ya rinka biya domin kawo tulin littattafan kimiyya dana sauran fannoni daga kasashen girka dana Hindu izuwa daular tasa.
ƁBayan mutuwarsa kuwa sai akace rigimar mulki ta kaure a tsakanin 'ya'yayen nan nasa, inda daga bisani sojojin Al'Mamun suka hallaka Al'amin, suka ɗorashi bisa gadon Halifanci.
Da hawan Al'Mamun, sai ya ɗora akan inda mahaifins ya tsaya, inda ya kammala ginin Darul Hikmah wanda mahaifinsa ya soma, sannan ya cigaba da bautawa ilimi shima.
A wannn lokacin ne kuma gawurtar Alkhawarizm ta fara Fagen ilimi, inda har aka ɗaukeshi a sahun Malumman wannan taska ta ilimi ta Darul Hikmah.
Da yake Alkhawarizm masanin falsafa ne, sai yake kalon ilimi saɓanin yadda wasu ke kallonsa, inda ya jajirce wajen fassara wasu littattafan ilimai daga harshen girkawa izuwa larabci, sannan ya dukufa bincike gami da rubuce-rubuce a fannonin lissafi, ilimin fahimtar alkibla, ilimin kimiyyar sararin samaniya da yanayin kasa dama wasunsu.
Daga abinda har yau ake tunawa dashi shine littafinsa mai suna 'Kitabul Mukhtassar fiy Hisabul Jabr wal Muqabala', wanda daga sunan littafin aka maida Jabr izuwa Algebra, aka kuma ɗauki Lissafin Algorithm duk aciki.
A littafin, masani Al khawarithm ya nunawa musulmai muhimmancin dake akwai wajen koyon ilamai musamman na hisabi (lissafi), tunda acewarsa musulmai na matukar bukatar ilimin a wajen maganar rabon gado, alkalanci, auna alkibla da auna tazarar fili da kasuwanci, kai harma da raba husuma a cewarsa.
Imam Alkawarizm yayi rayuwa mai sauki, cikin koyo da koyarwa. Sannan yayi rubututtuka gawurtattu domin koyar da ɗalibansa.
Shine fa marubucin littafin da yake bada fasali da kwatancen yadda za'a gane inda garin makkah yake daga ko ina a sassan duniya, sannan shine marubucin littafin daya zayyano fasalin birane kimanin 2402 na wannan duniyar. Aannan yayi aiki tukuru wajen zanawa duniya kalandar shekara da gyaran kura-kuran wasu masana. Ance kullum cikin nazarin ilimi yake, kuma yana da saukin kai gashi gwani wajen fahimtar da mai ɗaukar darasi.
Alkawarizm ya rasu a shekara ta 850 miladiyya, yana da shejarau saba'in a duniya. Amman kafin rasuwarsa ya rubuta tulin littattafai, waɗansu sun ɓace, yayinda waɗansu kuma har yau ana amfani dasu.
Daga cikin littattafansa da akwai:-
-Kitaburr Rukhamah
-Ma'arifatu sa'at al mashriq fi kulli balad
-Ma'arifat Al samt min qibal al irtifa'i
-Risalati fi Istikraji Ta'arikhil yahud
-Kitabu Surat Al Ard
-Zinj Al sindihid
-Kitab Al jam wat tafriq bi Hisab Al Hind
-Kitabul Mukhtassar fi Hisabil Jabr wal Muqabalah.
Da wasunsu.
Dafatan Allah yayi rahama a gareshi amin