SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO
Cikakken sunan sa shine Abu 'Abdullah Malik ibn 'Anas ibn Malik ibn Amr al-Asbahi an haifeshi a birnin Musulunci Madina a shekara ta 93 bayan Hijirar Manzon Allah Annabi Muhammad S.a.w, dai-dai da shekara ta 714 miladiyya.
Ance asali, tsatson sa daga ƙasar Yemen ne, daga ƙabilar al-Asbahi, amma sai kakansa Abu Amir ya dawo Madina da zama bayan ya karɓi musulunci. Mahaifinsa Anas ya ɗauki ilimi a wajen Halifa Umar bn Khattab R.A, kuma dashi akayi aikin tattarawa gami da rubuta littafin Alqurani maigirma a zamanin Halifancin Usman bn Affan R.A. A haka kuma har Allah ya ƙadarta haihuwarsa a birnin na Madina.
A Littafin Muwaɗɗa nashi Imam Malik ɗin, an faɗi siffar Imam Malik a matsayin dogo kakkaura, mai cikakken farin gemanya da korayen idanuwa.
Imam Malik ya zamo babban masani a Madina, ko ace a duk duniyar musulunci ma baki ɗaya. Anan madina yayi karatunsa, ya kuma karɓi ilimin sa ne daga hannun Sahabbai da kuma Tabi'ai na Manzon Allah Annabi Muhammad (s.a.w).
Kasancewar Mahaifan Imam Malik na da rufin asiri, ya sanya shi mai da hankali kacokan kan meman ilimi daga manyan malumman Madina, musamman ilimin Fiqhu, watau na sanin addinin musulunci.
Ance ya haddace Alqurani tun da ƙuruciyarsa, ya koyi karatunsa daga malamai irinsu Hisham ibn Urwah, Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, da kuma Abu Hanifa, wanda ya samar da mazhabar Hanafiyya, har ma Imam Malik ya ɗauki darasi a gidan Imamun mabiya Shi'a ɗan uwa ga Annabi S.a.w watau Jafar al Sadiq.
Ance tun a zamanin sa ake son haifar da Mazhabar sa ta Maliku amma yaƙi yadda, a lokacin Mazhabobin Sunnah uku ne Kacal, watau Hanafiyya, Hambaliyya da Shafi'iyya. Har ma wata rana Halifa Al Mansur yace masa "Ina so na kaɗaitar da ilimi, don haka zan rubutawa kwamandojin yaƙi na da kuma Gwamnoni cewa su maida littafinka Muwaɗɗah doka da za'a rinƙa hukunci akansa, duk wanda yazo da wani abu makamacinsa a kashe shi".
Da jin haka sai Maliku ya amsa da cewa "Ya kai Jagoran muminai, akwai wata hanyar saɓanin haka ai. Kayi sani Annabi ya rayu ne a wannan alƙarya, kuma ya rinƙa aikewa da dakaru ƙasashe domin yaƙi, kuma bai kame ƙasashe da yawa ba har Ubangiji ya karɓi ransa, daga nan Abu Bakr ya zama Halifa, shima bai kame ƙasashe masu yawa ba. Daga nan sai Umar, wanda ƙasashe da yawa suka samu a hannunsa.
Don haka Umar ya rinƙa aikewa da sahabban manzon Allah s.a.w waɗannan ƙasashen domin su koyar da addini, kuma mutane basu tsagaita Wajen ɗaukar ilimi daga garesu ba har gushewarsu, inda manyan masana suka gajesu, bayan tafiyarsu waɗansu suka maye gurbinsu, har ya zuwa zamanin nan namu.
Saboda haka idan ka takura akan sauya mutane daga abinda suka sani izuwa abinda basu sani ba sai su kafirta. A maimakon haka, ka tabbatar da hukuncin da kowaɗanne mutane ke aiwatarwa a ƙasashensu, in yaso sai kai ka ɗauki sanin daga garesu".
Wata ruwayar kuma akan haka cewa tayi bayan Halifa al Mansur ta saurari yadda Maliku ke bada fatawowi, sai yace "Na ƙuduri aniyar bada umarnin kwafen rubututtukan ka tare da watsa su ga duk inda wani musulmi yake a duniya ta yadda musulmai zasu rinƙa aiki da koyarwar cikinsa, su bar sauran da ba nasa ba".
Sai Maliku yace "Ya Jagoran Muminai, kada kayi haka. Domin tuni mutane sun ji ruwayoyi daban-daban na Hadisai. Kuma kowanne rukuni mutane sun ɗoru da ayyukansu bisa abinda suka ji. Don haka kawar dasu daga abinda suke kai zai haifar da annoba a musulunci. A maimakon haka ka ƙyale mutane akan duk abinda suke kai da kuma duk abinda suka zaɓawa kansu".
Ance Imam Malik bai taɓa karanta Hadisin Annabi s.a.w ba batare da alwala ba, har ɗan uwansa Ismail bn Abi Uways ya faɗa cewar "na taɓa tambayar Kawuna Maliku a game da wani abu na ilimi, sai ya umarceni nayi alwala, sannan na zauna a gabansa, sannan nace , 'la hawla wala quwata illa billah'.. Bai taɓa bada wata fatawa ba tare da ambaton wannan kalma ba".
Imam Maliku Yana da tsantseni da maida lamura ga Allah, kuma baya bada fatawa akan abinda bashi da cikakken sani akai.
Imam Al-Haytham yace "na taɓa zama tare da Maliku a wata rana, inda aka tambaye shi wasu mas'aloli kimanin 40, ya amsa guda 8, amma sauran duk yana bada amsar su da faɗin Ban sani ba".
An samu Imamu Maliku yana cewa "Kariyar Masani shine 'Ban sani ba'. Idan har ya guje ta, to kuwa zai rabauta da azabar mutuwa".
A wani wajen kuma, Khālid ibn Khidāsh ya ruwaito cewa "Nayi doguwar tafiya daga Iraqi domin naga Imam Malik na tambayeshi wasu tambayoyi guda arbain. Amma dana haɗu dashi, guda biyar kaɗai ya amsa mini, sauran sai yace mini bai sani ba. Sannan sai yace 'Ibn Ijlan yana cewa idan malami ya tsallake kalmar ban sani ba, zai haɗu da azabar mutuwa'.
Ibn Wahb ya ruwaito cewa naji Abdullah ibn Yazid ibn Hurmuz yana cewa dole ne malamai su naƙaltawa masu zama a tare dasu kalmar ban sani ba har sai ta zama ginshiƙinsu kuma garkuwa daga halaka.
Imam Shafi'i ya faɗa akan Maliku cewa idan aka ambaci sunayen Malamai, sunan Maliku yana zamowa tamkar tauraro acikinsu.
Imamu Maliku ya faɗa cewa bai soma zama domin bayar da fatawa ba a birnin Madina sai da malaman Madina 70 sukayi shaidar dacewar sa akan hakan.
Shine marubucin hamshaƙin littafin nan
Al-Muwatta' watau 'Karɓaɓɓe' ko 'Tabbatacce', wanda ke ƙunshe da ingantattun hadisan Annabi s.a.w da zantukan sahabbansa masu girma, ta waɗanda suka zo bayan su, da waɗanda suka biyo bayansu.
Iman Malik ya faɗa akan littafinsa Muwattah cewar sai daya gabatar dashi ga Malaman Madina guda 70, kowannen su yana mai inganta shi (kulluhum wata ani alayh), don haka ya sanya masa suna 'Muwattah'.
Imam Al-Bukhari ya faɗa cewar Mafi inganci bisa kowanne Silsilar hadisi itace wadda akace ta fito daga "Malik, daga Nafi, daga Ibn 'Umar." Ance masanan hadisi suna kiran wannan salsala da suna 'zinariyar salsala' saboda darajar ta.
Imam Malik ya shirya littafin al-Muwatta' acikin shekaru 40, inda da fari ya tsara littafin da hadisai dubu 10, kafin daga bisani ya ƙunƙunce shi zuwa hadisai dubu 2.
Kamar dai sauran malaman Islam, Imam Malik mutum ne mai tausayi da tausasawa. Gashi da gaskiya gami da tsayawa don tabbatar da ita.
Don haka a lokacin da Gwamnan Madina ya nemi tursasa mutane yin mubaya'a ga Halifan musulunci daga zuriyar Umayyawa Al Mansur, sai Imam Malik ya bada fatawa cewa wannan ɗaukar alƙawari yasasshe ne domin anyi shine bisa tursasa wa.
Ya bada fatawar ne dogaron sa ga hadisin sakin aure, wanda Annabi yace duk wanda aka tursasa masa sakin matarsa to bata saku ba.
Wannan ne sanadin da mafi yawan mutane suka samu ƙwarin guiwar bayyana matsayar su na ƙin goyon bayan Halifa Al Mansur, daga bisani mahukunta suka kama Imam Maliku tare da zartar masa da hukuncin bulala a bainar jama'a.
Allahu Akbar!.
Mabiya Maliku ne suka samar da tafarkin Mazhabar Imamu Malik wadda ake hukunci da bada fatawowi bisa koyarwarsa, kuma wannan mazhaba ta watsu a ƙasashen Afirka, Andalus, Yemen, Sudan, Iraq, Khorasan da wasunsu.
Imam Tirmizi ya ruwaito wani Hadisi da Manzon Allah s.a.w yake cewa a nan gaba kaɗan, mutane zasu rinƙa hawan bayan raƙuma suna bazama neman ilimi, kuma ba zasu samu wani masani ba sama da masanin Madina.
Imam Qadi Ayyad, Imam Al-Zhahabi da wasu irinsu Sufyan ibn `Uyaynah, ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San'ani, Ibn Mahdi, Yahya ibn Ma'in, Zhu’ayb ibn `Imama, Ibn al-Madini, da wasun su sun tafi akan cewar hadisin bushara ne da zuwan Imam Maliku.
Ance Halifa Al Mansur ya taɓa tambayar Maliku 'shin ina yafi kamantuwa na fuskanta don yin addu'a tsakanin kabarin Annabi mai girma da alƙibla?'.
Sai Maliku ya amsa masa da cewa "Me zaisa ba zaka fuskance shi ba (s.a.w) alhali shine mai sadar dakai ga Allah da kai da baban ka Adamu a ranar alƙiyama?"
Imam Malik ya rasu a shekarar 796 miladiyya, hijirar ma'aiki 179 a birnin Madina, kuma an binne shi a maƙabartar Baƙi' a mai daraja
Kafin rasuwar Imam Maliku ya wallafa littafinsa 'Al Muwattah', wanda har Imam Shafi'i yake cewa shine littafi mafi inganci bayan Alƙurani mai girma.
Sai kuma littafin 'Al-Mudawwana al-Kubra' wanda Mallam Suhnun ibn Sa'id ibn Habib at-Tanukhi ya tattara bayan rasuwar Malikun.
Da fatan Allah ya gafarta masa, yayi masa rahama amin.
Da fatan Allah ya jiƙansa amin
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