TARIHIN SIYASA A NIGERIA: TUNAWA DA RANAR 'YAN MAZAN JIYA (16/janairu)
Kashi na ɗaya.
SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO, RN.
08060869978
Tarihin siyasar Nigeria kusan yana tafiya kafaɗa da kafaɗa ne da tarihin samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka, da kuma wasu abubuwa da suka wakana kafin wanzuwar hakan.
Da fari dai, gwamnatin ingila ta ayyana ɗaukacin yankunan da ayau ake kira Nigeria bisa karkashin ikonta a ranar 1 ga watan janairun shekara ta 1901, har kuma ta aike da sojoji domin karɓe ikon yankunan baki ɗaya.
Yankunan Kano da Sokoto ne kusan na karshe da suka faɗa hannun turawan mulki a wajajen shekara ta 1903 zuwa 1904. Tun daga nan kuma Sir Lord Luggard ya zamo shine ɗaukacin shugaɓan tarayyar Nigeria.
A wancan zamani, babu maganar kafa jamiyyar siyasa, ko kungiyoyi. Maganar biyayyar dokokin turawa kurum akeyi ta hannun sarakuna. Kuma akwai doka da hukunci mai tsanani ga duk wanda yayi shelar neman 'yanci daga turawan mulki.
Mutanen arewa nada matukar jahilci a fannin ilimin boko duba da kalilan daga cikinsu ne suka sanya yaransu a makarantun zamani. Don haka, kururuwar kafa jam'iyyun siysa da neman 'yanci bata soma kaɗawa ba da wuri-wuri a yankin.
Sir Lord Luggard, ya gudanar da mulkinsa ba tare da kulawa da ra'ayin 'yan kasa ba, sai dai bisa umarnin kasar sa ingila. Amma duk da haka, yana da majalisa ta jeka na yika, mai ɗauke da wakilai 26 waɗanda suka kunshi wasu daga sarakunan gargajiya a kudanci, waɗanda kuma akasari karɓar umarni ne kurum ne aikinsu, kuma ba zaɓensu akayi ba a siyasance.
Sai a zamanin mulkin Sir Hugh Clifford ne aka soma kafa ɓurɓushin dimokaraɗiyya a Nigeria. A wuraren shekara ta 1920 ya bijiro da kundin tsarin mulki sassauka, wanda aka lakabawa sunansa, wanda kuma ya sahalewa 'yan kudancin kasar nan damar zaɓen wakilai huɗu daga cikin 'yan majalisar kasa ta jeka na yika.
Koda yake, sauyin da ya kawo daga gwamnatin Luggard shine kafa majalisu guda biyu a kasa. Daya itace majalisar zartaswa, wadda turawa ne zallah a cikin ta. Sai kuma majalisar kasa mai ɗauke da wakilai 46.
Acikin waɗannan wakilai 46, kusan kafataninsu turawa ne da gwamnati ta naɗa suke kula da kasuwancin Lagos, kano, Calabar da Phortharcort, sai kuma guda 6 'yan kasa da gwamnati ta naɗa a matsayin wakilai.
Acikinsu akwai mutum ɗaya yana wakiltar 'yan kasuwar Afirka, ɗaya yaana wakiltar gundumar lagos, ɗaya Egba, ɗaya Ibo ɗaya kuma Oyo. Babu ko ɗaya daga arewa.
Wakilai huɗu kuwa akace an sahale a shiga zaɓe domin a zaɓosu. A lokacin an bada wakilai uku a lagos, wakili ɗaya kuma daga Calabar.
Saboda haka, a wannan shekarar ta 1923 sai Herbert Macaulay yafara kafa jamiyyar siyasa a Nigeria mai suna 'Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP)' domin shiga zaɓen cike gurɓi na majalisar kasa da kuma samar da shugabancin birnin Lagos.
Herbert Macaulay daman sanan-nen ɗan gwagwarmaya ne kuma mai ilimi tun a wancan lokaci. Tunda kuwa ya karanci fasahar kasa da safayo a Ingila tun gabannin shekarar 1900. Kuma ya shiga kungiyar dake rajin kawar da cinikin bayi a yankin Afirka.
Sannan tun kafin wannan lokacin, yana takun saka da turawan mulkin mallaka, musamman yadda yake fafutikar kwatowa 'yan kasa yancin kai.
A shekarar 1908 Herbert Macaulay ya bankaɗo al-mundahanar da wasu jami'an mulki turawa sukayi wajen gina titin dogo, wanda kowa ya sani da arzikin Nigeria ake yinsa.
Sannan a shekarar 1919, Herbert Macauley ne yakai kara izuwa majalisar Ingila yana nemawa wani shugaban yankinsu da aka kwace masa fili. Kuma ya samu nasara, inda majalisar ta zartar da hukuncin a biya waccan shugaba diyyar daya nema.
Anyi zaɓe na farko a ranar 20 ga watan satumbar shekara ta 1923. Ance a lokacin, waɗanda sukayi rijistar kaɗa zaɓe a cikin mutum dubu 99 mazauna lagos mutum dubu 4 ne kachal. Saboda haka an shiga zaɓe cikin lumana da kwanciyar hankali babu tasgaro, saboda duk ɗan kasa cike yake da tsoron idan ya aikata laifi turawa zasu hukuntashi.
Bayan an kammala zaɓe, sai aka ayyana wakilai masu suna: Crispin Adeniyi Jones, Adeyemu Alakija da Egerton Shyngla na Jamiyyar NNDP ta Herbert Macaulay a matsayin waɗanda suka cinye zaɓe, don haka sun samu rinjaye akan 'yan takarar da suka fafata dasu zaɓe daga Jam'iyyar 'Peoples Union' wadda John K. Rindle da Orisadipe Obasa suka kafa. Sai kuma wakili ɗaya wanda yaci zaɓe ba tare da jamiyya ba daga Calabar.
Ana haka sai Herbert Macaulay ya kafa kamfanin jaridar 'Nigerian Daily' da yake wayar dakan al'umma bisa kuncin da suke ciki na mulkin mallaka. Kuma jamiyyarsa ta samu tagomashin cinye zaɓuɓɓukan da aka gudanar a shekarar 1928, da kuma na shekarar 1933.
Amma bayan shekaru biyar da kakar zaɓe ta kewayo, za'a sake shiga zaɓe a shekarar 1938, sai ya zamana wata jam'iyar yarabawa mai suna 'Lagos Youth Movement' wadda Farfesa Eyo Ita ya kafa ce ta lashe kafatanin zaɓen, ta ture Herbert Macaulay da jamiyyarsa ta NNDP gefe.
A shekara ta 1937 kuwa sa'ar da Dr Nmandi Azikwe ya gamo karatunsa a Amurka har ya soma aikin jaridar 'West African Pilot' a Ghana, sai ya komo Nigeria. Anan suka haɗu da amininsa Oloye Davies wanda ya karanto Sharia a Ingila, suka shiga waccan jamiyya ta yarabawan lagos tare da ɗaukaka ta izuwa 'Nigerian Youth Movement'. Suka haɗu da zaka-kuran mutane irinsu Ernest Sissie Ikoli, Samuel Akisan, James Churchil Vaughan, Kofo Abayumi da wasunsu suna ta rajin wayarwa 'yan kasa kai ta hanyar rubuce-rubucen jaridu. Babbar maganar su itace "bamu yadda da mulkin mallaka ba, 'yancin kai da dimokraɗiyya muke da bukata".
A haka aka tafi har wuraren shekara ta 1944 zamanin da Sir. Arthur Richard ke shugabancin Nigeria, inda rikicin kabilanci ya raba Dr. Nnandi Azikwe a matsayin shi inyamiri da jamiyyar Yarabawa ta NYM, sai kurum yazo ya haɗu da Herbert macaulay suka cigaba a Jamiyyar Herbert ɗin a lokacin mai watau NNDP wadda ta sauya izuwa
'National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC)'.
Awannan lokaci, sai shugaban kasa Richard ya samar da sabon kundin tsarin mulki, wanda ya rage yawan zaɓaɓɓun 'yan majalisa da wakilan 'yan kasa ya kuma kara adadin 'yan majalisar da-ba zaɓaɓɓu ba.
Sai kuwa Dr Nnamdi Azikwe da Herbert macaulay suka shiga fafutukar yaki da wannan tsari. Suka shiga suka, suna bin yankuna suna wayar da kai da kuma neman tallafi domin tafiga zuwa Ingila suyi zanga-zangar nuna adawa da wannan kundin mulki a gaban majalisar kasar.
Ana wannan rintsi ne Herbert Macaulay shugaban NCNC ya rasu, sai Dr Azikwe da yake matsayin akawu ya zama shugaba.
A shekarar 1945 aka haramtawa Dr. Azikwe fitar da jaridarsa ta 'Africa West Pilot' bayan ta wallafa wasu zantuka dangane da yajin aiki a kasa wanda gwamnati tace basu da tushe balle makama. A shekarar 1947 kuwa aka sake zaɓen 'yan majalisu, har kuma Dr. Nnamdi Azikwe ya zamo wakili zaɓaɓɓe a wannan majalisa ta lagos karkashin inuwar k'anwa jam'iyyar sa ta NCNC mai suna National Democratic Party (NDP).
A shekarar 1951 kuwa sai sabon kundin tsarin mulki yazo daga Shugaban kasar lokacin mai suna John Stuart Macpherson, wanda ya tsinka wakilan Nigeria izuwa yankunan ta, ya kuma bada damar kowanne yanki ya zaɓi 'yan majalisun sa a wata majalisa karama. Daga waɗancan majalisu na yankuna ne za'a zaɓi wakili zuwa majalisar kasa.
A lokacin, jam'iyyun NCNC da 'Action Group' ne suka fi samun tagomashi.
Ita jam'iyyar 'Action Group' ta yarbawa ce wadda Chief Awolowo ke shugabanta, kuma ya zamo zaɓaɓɓen wakili a karkashinta. Jam'iyyar tana da goyon bayan rusasshiyar jamiyyar 'Northern Youth Forum' (NYF) ne mai adawa da Dr. Azikwe.
Shi kuwa Dr. Nnamdi Azikwe ya samu cin zaɓen yanki a majalisar kudanci karkashin jam'iyyar tasa NCNC, amma sai dai Chief Awolowo na Action Group ne mutumin daya fishi samun tagomashi a majalisar, don haka shine ya samu damar tafiya babbar majalisar kasa..
Wannan kusan shine a takaice yadda siyasa ta faro a kudancin Nigeria kenan, saura muji yadda ta kasance a yankin Arewa.
TARIHIN SIYASA A NIGERIA: TUNAWA DA RANAR 'YAN MAZAN JIYA (16/janairu)Kashi na ɗaya.
SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO, RN.
08060869978
Tarihin siyasar Nigeria kusan yana tafiya kafaɗa da kafaɗa ne da tarihin samun 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka, da kuma wasu abubuwa da suka wakana kafin wanzuwar hakan.
Da fari dai, gwamnatin ingila ta ayyana ɗaukacin yankunan da ayau ake kira Nigeria bisa karkashin ikonta a ranar 1 ga watan janairun shekara ta 1901, har kuma ta aike da sojoji domin karɓe ikon yankunan baki ɗaya.
Yankunan Kano da Sokoto ne kusan na karshe da suka faɗa hannun turawan mulki a wajajen shekara ta 1903 zuwa 1904. Tun daga nan kuma Sir Lord Luggard ya zamo shine ɗaukacin shugaɓan tarayyar Nigeria.
A wancan zamani, babu maganar kafa jamiyyar siyasa, ko kungiyoyi. Maganar biyayyar dokokin turawa kurum akeyi ta hannun sarakuna. Kuma akwai doka da hukunci mai tsanani ga duk wanda yayi shelar neman 'yanci daga turawan mulki.
Mutanen arewa nada matukar jahilci a fannin ilimin boko duba da kalilan daga cikinsu ne suka sanya yaransu a makarantun zamani. Don haka, kururuwar kafa jam'iyyun siysa da neman 'yanci bata soma kaɗawa ba da wuri-wuri a yankin.
Sir Lord Luggard, ya gudanar da mulkinsa ba tare da kulawa da ra'ayin 'yan kasa ba, sai dai bisa umarnin kasar sa ingila. Amma duk da haka, yana da majalisa ta jeka na yika, mai ɗauke da wakilai 26 waɗanda suka kunshi wasu daga sarakunan gargajiya a kudanci, waɗanda kuma akasari karɓar umarni ne kurum ne aikinsu, kuma ba zaɓensu akayi ba a siyasance.
Sai a zamanin mulkin Sir Hugh Clifford ne aka soma kafa ɓurɓushin dimokaraɗiyya a Nigeria. A wuraren shekara ta 1920 ya bijiro da kundin tsarin mulki sassauka, wanda aka lakabawa sunansa, wanda kuma ya sahalewa 'yan kudancin kasar nan damar zaɓen wakilai huɗu daga cikin 'yan majalisar kasa ta jeka na yika.
Koda yake, sauyin da ya kawo daga gwamnatin Luggard shine kafa majalisu guda biyu a kasa. Daya itace majalisar zartaswa, wadda turawa ne zallah a cikin ta. Sai kuma majalisar kasa mai ɗauke da wakilai 46.
Acikin waɗannan wakilai 46, kusan kafataninsu turawa ne da gwamnati ta naɗa suke kula da kasuwancin Lagos, kano, Calabar da Phortharcort, sai kuma guda 6 'yan kasa da gwamnati ta naɗa a matsayin wakilai.
Acikinsu akwai mutum ɗaya yana wakiltar 'yan kasuwar Afirka, ɗaya yaana wakiltar gundumar lagos, ɗaya Egba, ɗaya Ibo ɗaya kuma Oyo. Babu ko ɗaya daga arewa.
Wakilai huɗu kuwa akace an sahale a shiga zaɓe domin a zaɓosu. A lokacin an bada wakilai uku a lagos, wakili ɗaya kuma daga Calabar.
Saboda haka, a wannan shekarar ta 1923 sai Herbert Macaulay yafara kafa jamiyyar siyasa a Nigeria mai suna 'Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP)' domin shiga zaɓen cike gurɓi na majalisar kasa da kuma samar da shugabancin birnin Lagos.
Herbert Macaulay daman sanan-nen ɗan gwagwarmaya ne kuma mai ilimi tun a wancan lokaci. Tunda kuwa ya karanci fasahar kasa da safayo a Ingila tun gabannin shekarar 1900. Kuma ya shiga kungiyar dake rajin kawar da cinikin bayi a yankin Afirka.
Sannan tun kafin wannan lokacin, yana takun saka da turawan mulkin mallaka, musamman yadda yake fafutikar kwatowa 'yan kasa yancin kai.
A shekarar 1908 Herbert Macaulay ya bankaɗo al-mundahanar da wasu jami'an mulki turawa sukayi wajen gina titin dogo, wanda kowa ya sani da arzikin Nigeria ake yinsa.
Sannan a shekarar 1919, Herbert Macauley ne yakai kara izuwa majalisar Ingila yana nemawa wani shugaban yankinsu da aka kwace masa fili. Kuma ya samu nasara, inda majalisar ta zartar da hukuncin a biya waccan shugaba diyyar daya nema.
Anyi zaɓe na farko a ranar 20 ga watan satumbar shekara ta 1923. Ance a lokacin, waɗanda sukayi rijistar kaɗa zaɓe a cikin mutum dubu 99 mazauna lagos mutum dubu 4 ne kachal. Saboda haka an shiga zaɓe cikin lumana da kwanciyar hankali babu tasgaro, saboda duk ɗan kasa cike yake da tsoron idan ya aikata laifi turawa zasu hukuntashi.
Bayan an kammala zaɓe, sai aka ayyana wakilai masu suna: Crispin Adeniyi Jones, Adeyemu Alakija da Egerton Shyngla na Jamiyyar NNDP ta Herbert Macaulay a matsayin waɗanda suka cinye zaɓe, don haka sun samu rinjaye akan 'yan takarar da suka fafata dasu zaɓe daga Jam'iyyar 'Peoples Union' wadda John K. Rindle da Orisadipe Obasa suka kafa. Sai kuma wakili ɗaya wanda yaci zaɓe ba tare da jamiyya ba daga Calabar.
Ana haka sai Herbert Macaulay ya kafa kamfanin jaridar 'Nigerian Daily' da yake wayar dakan al'umma bisa kuncin da suke ciki na mulkin mallaka. Kuma jamiyyarsa ta samu tagomashin cinye zaɓuɓɓukan da aka gudanar a shekarar 1928, da kuma na shekarar 1933.
Amma bayan shekaru biyar da kakar zaɓe ta kewayo, za'a sake shiga zaɓe a shekarar 1938, sai ya zamana wata jam'iyar yarabawa mai suna 'Lagos Youth Movement' wadda Farfesa Eyo Ita ya kafa ce ta lashe kafatanin zaɓen, ta ture Herbert Macaulay da jamiyyarsa ta NNDP gefe.
A shekara ta 1937 kuwa sa'ar da Dr Nmandi Azikwe ya gamo karatunsa a Amurka har ya soma aikin jaridar 'West African Pilot' a Ghana, sai ya komo Nigeria. Anan suka haɗu da amininsa Oloye Davies wanda ya karanto Sharia a Ingila, suka shiga waccan jamiyya ta yarabawan lagos tare da ɗaukaka ta izuwa 'Nigerian Youth Movement'. Suka haɗu da zaka-kuran mutane irinsu Ernest Sissie Ikoli, Samuel Akisan, James Churchil Vaughan, Kofo Abayumi da wasunsu suna ta rajin wayarwa 'yan kasa kai ta hanyar rubuce-rubucen jaridu. Babbar maganar su itace "bamu yadda da mulkin mallaka ba, 'yancin kai da dimokraɗiyya muke da bukata".
A haka aka tafi har wuraren shekara ta 1944 zamanin da Sir. Arthur Richard ke shugabancin Nigeria, inda rikicin kabilanci ya raba Dr. Nnandi Azikwe a matsayin shi inyamiri da jamiyyar Yarabawa ta NYM, sai kurum yazo ya haɗu da Herbert macaulay suka cigaba a Jamiyyar Herbert ɗin a lokacin mai watau NNDP wadda ta sauya izuwa
'National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC)'.
Awannan lokaci, sai shugaban kasa Richard ya samar da sabon kundin tsarin mulki, wanda ya rage yawan zaɓaɓɓun 'yan majalisa da wakilan 'yan kasa ya kuma kara adadin 'yan majalisar da-ba zaɓaɓɓu ba.
Sai kuwa Dr Nnamdi Azikwe da Herbert macaulay suka shiga fafutukar yaki da wannan tsari. Suka shiga suka, suna bin yankuna suna wayar da kai da kuma neman tallafi domin tafiga zuwa Ingila suyi zanga-zangar nuna adawa da wannan kundin mulki a gaban majalisar kasar.
Ana wannan rintsi ne Herbert Macaulay shugaban NCNC ya rasu, sai Dr Azikwe da yake matsayin akawu ya zama shugaba.
A shekarar 1945 aka haramtawa Dr. Azikwe fitar da jaridarsa ta 'Africa West Pilot' bayan ta wallafa wasu zantuka dangane da yajin aiki a kasa wanda gwamnati tace basu da tushe balle makama. A shekarar 1947 kuwa aka sake zaɓen 'yan majalisu, har kuma Dr. Nnamdi Azikwe ya zamo wakili zaɓaɓɓe a wannan majalisa ta lagos karkashin inuwar k'anwa jam'iyyar sa ta NCNC mai suna National Democratic Party (NDP).
A shekarar 1951 kuwa sai sabon kundin tsarin mulki yazo daga Shugaban kasar lokacin mai suna John Stuart Macpherson, wanda ya tsinka wakilan Nigeria izuwa yankunan ta, ya kuma bada damar kowanne yanki ya zaɓi 'yan majalisun sa a wata majalisa karama. Daga waɗancan majalisu na yankuna ne za'a zaɓi wakili zuwa majalisar kasa.
A lokacin, jam'iyyun NCNC da 'Action Group' ne suka fi samun tagomashi.
Ita jam'iyyar 'Action Group' ta yarbawa ce wadda Chief Awolowo ke shugabanta, kuma ya zamo zaɓaɓɓen wakili a karkashinta. Jam'iyyar tana da goyon bayan rusasshiyar jamiyyar 'Northern Youth Forum' (NYF) ne mai adawa da Dr. Azikwe.
Shi kuwa Dr. Nnamdi Azikwe ya samu cin zaɓen yanki a majalisar kudanci karkashin jam'iyyar tasa NCNC, amma sai dai Chief Awolowo na Action Group ne mutumin daya fishi samun tagomashi a majalisar, don haka shine ya samu damar tafiya babbar majalisar kasa..
Wannan kusan shine a takaice yadda siyasa ta faro a kudancin Nigeria kenan, saura muji yadda ta kasance a yankin Arewa.
Kashi na biyu.
SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO, RN.
08060869978
Turawan mulkin mallaka sun rinka shugabantar talakawan yankin Arewa karkashin sarakunan mulki na gargajiya abinda ake kira a turance 'Indirect Rule'.
A lokacin, an ragewa sarakuna karfin iko ta hanyar samar da wani tsari mai suna 'Native Authority' (NA) wanda ya kunshi Sarki mai kula da talakawa da karɓar haraji, sai Alkali mai kula da shari'o'i, da kuma Ma'aji mai kula da baitil malin abinda sarakuna suka tattara.
Don haka kowanne sarki zai fita lokaci-zuwa-lok
Baya da haka, wajibi ne ga kowanne magidanci tilas ya tanaji kuɗin da zai biya a matsayin haraji akan kansa da wurin kasuwancinsa. Sannan akan 'ya'yansa maza ma akwai haraji da zai biya musu da wasu lamurori idan suka bijito masa, kamar misalin yin aure ko gina sabon ɗaki a gidansa.
Kasancewar yankin Arewa bai tumbatsa da masu ilimin zamani ba, wutar neman 'yanci da kawar da talakawa daga wannan kunci bata soma ruruwa da wurwuri ba a yankin, abinda kurum akafi sani a wancan lokai shine: an haramta cinikayyar bayi, to amma biyayyar da talakawa ke yiwa sarakai bata canza ba, duk kuma wanda yayi yunkurin tada kayar baya ko bore garesu, yanzun nan zai haɗu da fushin 'yandoka.
Mutumin da kusan za'a iya cewa shine ya fara kawo tunanin samar da kungiyar kwato yanci a yankin Arewa shine Mallam Sa'adu Zungur bayan yaje Lagos yin karatu tare da ganewa idanuwansa yadda irinsu Dr. Nnamdi Azikwe da Herbert Macaulay dasu Awolowo ke fafutika da turawa a madadin yankunansu, sai kuwa daya komo gida ya assassa kafa wata kungiyar malamai mai suna 'Zaria Literary Society' a shekarar 1939 sa'ar da aka tura shi aikin koyarwa a makarantar kula da lafiyar muhalli ta zaria. Daga baya sunan kungiyar ya sauya izuwa 'Zaria Improvement Union' a shekarar 1941.
Sa'adu Zungur ya shiga faɗakar da masu ilimin boko 'yan uwansa na zamanin cewar zaluncin da turawan mulkin mallaka sukeyi a kasa yayi yawa, domin ba haka sukeyi a kasarsu ba. Sannan yace akwai bukatar kowanne majalisar Sarki ta N.A a samar da zaɓaɓɓun wakilai masu bada shawara kamar yadda akeyi a Ingila, inda zakaga akwai majalisu da suka kunshi wakilcin kungiyoyi da talakawa karkashin masarauta, waɗanda kuma suke da faɗa aji a wasu lamurori.
A shekarar 1943 kuma sai wani ɗan gwagwarmaya mai rajin kwatar 'yanci shima ya kafa kungiyar nemarwa mutanen arewa mafita daga kunchin da suke ciki mai suna 'Northern Elements Progressive Association' NEPA bayan ya samu ganawa da Dr Nnamdi Azikwe shugaban NCNC. Matashin ɗan kabilar Ebira ne mazaunin kano, sunan sa Habib Raji Abdullahi.
A bauchi kuma, sai Mallam Sa'adu zungur da wasu malaman makaranta dake koyarwa a kwalejin Horarwa ta Bauchi irinsu Mallam Aminu kano da Abubakar Tafawa Balewa suka sake kafa wata kungiyar mai suna 'Bauchi General Improvement Union', daga baya suka tashi wata mai suna 'Bauchi Discussion circle'.
Ana haka sai jahohi suka rinka kafa kungiyoyinsu bisa ganin yadda 'yan boko 'yanuwansu ke kafa kungiyoyi don samar da cigaban jihar su. Ilimi da wayewar kai na zagayawa kenan sannu a hankali.
Bisa haka ne kungiyar Samarin Kano ta kafu, wadda Su Abdulkadir Adamu ɗan Jaji suka kafa, sannan Kungiyar samarin Sokoto ta kafu wadda su Shehu Shagari, Ibrahim Gusau, Ahmadu Bello da Sani Dingyaɗi da irinsu suka shiga a wajajen Shekarar 1947.
Waɗannan kungiyoyi sun kira zama domin samar da haɗin kai a zaria da mafitar yankin Arewa a tsakanin shekarar 1947 zuwa 1948 amma zaman ya tashi babu nasara bisa zargin cewar akwai 'yan leken asirin sarakuna da turaean mulkin mallaka acikin mahalarta taron.
A wannan lokaci kuwa, zamanin mulkin Shugaban kasa Sir. Arthur Richard ne, wanda yayi sabon kundin tsarin mulki har ya sahalewa majalisar yankunan Nigeria ciki harda yankin Arewa damar zaɓen wakilai, to amma gwamnonin turawa na arewa da sarakuna basu bada damar kafa jamiyyar siyasa ba. Don haka zaɓen wakilan majalisar Arewa da akayi na shekarar 1946 kusan a indifenda akayi shi.
A wannan zaɓen na 1946, aka zaɓi Alh. Muhammadu Ribaɗo ɗan majalisa daga Borno, aka kuma zaɓi Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ɗan majalisa daga Bauchi duk a zauren majalisar Arewa.
A shekarar 1948 Sa'adu zungur ya tafi Lagos don fafutikar kafa Jam'iyyar Al'ummar Nigeria ta Arewa JANA (JANA), anan ne kuma ya zamo akawun jamiyyar NCNC tasu Dr Azikwe.
A dai-dai lokacin kuma sai waɗancan kungiyoyi na arewa suka sake kiran zaman tattaunawa na biyu a garin Jos, wanda anan aka haɗu akan ya kamata a kafa kungiyar cigaban yankin Arewa mai suna 'Northern Progressive Congress' (NPC).
Wani Likita mai suna Dr R.B Dikko ne ya zamo shugaba, sai 'yan gwagwarmaya irinsu Yusuf Maitama Sule, Abubakar Imam, Sa'adu Zungur (wanda baya wurin) Aminu Kano, Yahaya Gusau, Dr. Rafi da sauransu suka zamo a kunshin jadawalin shugabannin kungiya.
A shekarar 1949 aka kama Habibu Abdullahi Raji da wasu mabiya kungiyarsa ta NEPA aka garkame a kurkuku bisa zargin suka da aibunta mulkin turawa ta hannun sarakuna, aka kuma cigaba da muzgunawa duk wani da yake aibanta mulkin Turawa ko sarakunan gargajiya.
Sai dai duk da haka, 'yan boko basu karaya ba tunda a shekarar 1950 kungiyar can ta NPC ta shirya zaɓe a kano, anan ne kuma manyan mutane suka shigo ciki waɗanda ake ganin sarakuna ne suka ingizo su domin karɓe ikon kungiyar tare da dakushe haskenta. Da aka shiga zaɓe a lokacin sai ya zamana kusan an kawar da matasan cikin wannan kungiya irin su Yusuf Maitama Sule daga kunshin shugabannin kungiya, alhali kuwa sune suka haifeta.
Ana haka sai kungiyar NPC ta soma rabuwa gida biyu, ya zamo ana samun saɓanin ra'ayoyi, da rashin fahimta musamman sa'ar da Mai -Martaba marigayi Sarkin Kano na Lokacin Abdullahi Bayero ya bayar da lasisin kafa Sinima a kano, wasu sukace hakan dai-dai ne, wasu kuwa suka ce ba dai-dai bane, kafa sinima a kano ai tozarci ne ga addinin musulunci, si suka shiga rubuce-rubuce suna sukar abin.
Aka cigaba da wannan musayar ra'ayoyi har zuwa shekarar 1950 inda wani mai suna Bello Ijemu ya gayyato 'yan gwagwarmaya abokanasa da suke kungiyar NPC tare, ya bada shawarar kamata yayi akafa jamiyyar siyasa.
Taron ya kunshi masu ra'ayi irin nasa waɗanda basu da tsoro irinsu Abba Mai kwaru, Yusuf Maitama sule, Magaji Dan Baffa, Baballiya Manajan Banki da wasunsu. Ann ne kuma suka yanke shawarar kafa jamiyya ta farko a arewa mai suna 'Northern Element Progressive Union' NEPU a ranar takwas ga watan takwas, tsakanin mutane takwas.
Wannan jam'iyya ta NEPU, ana iya cewa tazo da sabbin manufofinta waɗanda kachokan adawa suke yi da sarakuna da kuma turawa. Tunda a kullum caka-kinsu shine don me shugabancin jama'a zai zama gadon-gadon maimakon a bajeshi mai bukata ya tsaya zaɓe kamar yadda kasashen da sukaci gaba sukeyi a duniya. Sannan suka shiga sukar haraji da jangali.
Daga nan kuma sai adawa ta soma shiga tsakanin shugabannin kungiyar NPC da shugabannin jamiyyar NEPU.
'Yan kungiyar NPC sukace sun haramtawa duk wanda yake Kungiyarsu yin NEPU. Don haka maiso tilas ya zaɓi daya daga ciki. Anan suka samu goyon bayan sarakunan mulki saboda ana ganin suna da saukin ra'ayi da girmamama sarakuna sama da mabiya jamiyyar NEPU, sannan babu jimawa sai suka rikiɗe daga kungiya izuwa jamiyyar siyasa.
A cikin wannan jamiyya ne kuma Ahmadu Belƙo da Tafawa Balewa suka zamo wakilan mjalisar Arewa a shekarar 1951, sannn da ita suka rinka amfani a Arewa har sanda aka karɓi 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960, haɗaka ta kullu ysakanin Dr. Nnamdi Azikwe na jamiyyar NCNC daga kudanci wanda ya Zamo Shugagan tarayyar Nigeria, da kuma Abubakar Tafawa Balewa daga Arewa wanda ya zamo firimiyan kasa, sai shi Ahmadu Bello daya zama firikiyan Arewa.
Idan muka juya da baya zamuga cewar Yusuf Maitama sule da Aminu kano na cikin waɗanda aka haifi kungiyar NPC dasu kafin ta daga baya ta sauya izuwa jamiyya, amma sai suka fita daga gareta izuwa jamiyar NEPU saboda zargin shugabanninta da sassauci ga turawan mulki da kuma sarakuna, shikuwa Sa'adu zungur daya bar NPC cigaba da zamansa a jamiyyar 'yan kudu watau NCNC.
Sai kuwa adawa da sukar juna ta shiga tsakanin shugabanni da mabiya waɗan.an jamiyyu, watau NPC da NEHU da NCNC. Kowannee ɓangare na zargin ɗan uwansa da rashin kishin mutanen arewa gami da rashun akida kyakkyawa.
A haka dai siyasa taci gaba da tsamari a yankin Arewa, kowanne ɗan siyasa na ganin shine yafi ɗanuwansa kishin Arewa da kokarin samar da cigaba a wanna yanki.
Don haka a lokacin da Sa'adu Zungur ya kai shawarar cewa ya kamata jam'iyyar sa ta NCNC tazo ta haɓaka ilimi da rayuwar matasan arewa, sai yaga shugabanninta sunyi fatali da wannan abu, domin kuwa mutan Arewa zai amfana bana kudanci ba. Sai Saadu Zungur ya shiga dogon nazari tare wannan abu, daga baya ya yanke shawarar barin jam'iyyar NCNC izuwa NEPU, tunda ya gane cewa ashe ra'ayin 'yan kudanci kurum yake karewa, yankin da jahilci yayiwa katutu a Arewa, babu abinda mutanen yankin suka fi ganewa sai suje suyi karta su likawa masu molo kuɗaɗensu, basu cika maida kai ga ilimi da kuma abinda ya shafi cigaban yanki ba.
Bayan dogon nazarin abinda ya kamata yayi, sai kurum ya rera shahararriyar wakar nan mai suna 'Arewa Jamhuriya Ko Mulukiyya' domin farkar da mutan Arewa kada su bari 'yan kudanci su hau kansu su danne..
Matukar a arewa da karuwai,
'yan daudu dasu da magajiya.
Da samari masu ruwan kuɗi,
Ga mashaya can a gidan giya.
Matukar 'ya'yan mu suna bara,
Titi da Loko-lokon Nijeriya.
Hanyar birni da na kauyuka,
Allah baku mu samu abin miya.
Sun yafu da fatar bunsuru,
Babu mai tanyonsu da dukiya.
Babu shakka 'yan kudu zasu hau,
Dokin mulkin Nijeriya.
In ko 'yan kudu sunka hau,
Babu sauran daɗi, daɗa kowa zai
sha wuya.
A Arewa zumunta ta mutu,
Sai karya sai sharholiya.
Camfe-camfe da tsibbace
tsibbacen,
Malaman karya 'yan damfara.
Sai karya sai kwambon tsiya,
Sai hula mai annakiya.
Ga gorin asali da na dukiya,
Sai kace ɗan annabi fariya.
Jahilci ya ci lakar mu duk,
Ya sa mana sarka har wuya.
Ya sa mana ankwa hannuwa,
Ya daure kafarmu da tsarkiya.
Bakunan mu ya sa takunkumi,
Ba zalaka sai sharholiya.
Wagga al’umma mai zata yo,
A cikin zarafofin duniya.
Kai Bahaushe ba shi da zuciya ,
Zaya sha kunya nan duniya... “.
Akan neman 'yancin talakawa, wahala da azabar da 'yan jamiyyar NEPU suka sha ba zata misaltu ba. Daga ciki akwai waɗanda aka kama aka kulle a kano, wasu kuma aka tasa keyarsu zuwa Kaduna a kafa aka garkame. Akwai kuma waɗanda azaba tasa suka gudu suka bar garuruwansu don neman mafaka, wasunsu har yanzu basu dawo ba..
Talakan Nigeria bai zamo yadda yake yanzu ba sai sa'ar da 'yancin kai ya samu aka daina amsar haraji da jangali, sannan daga baya aka karɓe ikon yankuna tare da dankashi a hannun 'yan siyasa waɗanda akasari 'ya'yan talakawa ne, ta yadda duk wanda yaci zaɓen shugabanci to shine a hakku na yanke iko da inda yake mulka..
Da fatan Allah yajikan nagartattun 'yan siyasar kasar nan Amin.
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